For some words like "conspiracy" and
"pseudoscience" are just "mere pop-culture pejoratives"
with no "empirical measures". This is like saying fallacies and
biases don’t exist, when they are subject of scientific research, and have been
so for decades.
Actually, pseudoscience, grand conspiracy thinking and denialism have common, recurrent, identifiable features. Let me present you with a list of some features in each category and you’ll see some of them overlap. Keep in mind this is just a summary.