BCAA supplementation may not be suitable to vegans. These are some main points from a recent preliminary study comparing vegans to omnivores supplementing with 15 g (women) or 20 g (men) of BCAA daily for 3 months:
- Excess
BCAA is stored and AA-derived carbon serves as a precursor for de novo lipogenesis in adipose
tissue (1).
- A
lower capacity of BCAA oxidation in adipose tissue has been proposed as a link
between IR and higher circulating BCAA levels (2).
- Fasting
levels of BCAA can predict the development of T2DM 12 years before its manifestation
(3).
- BCAA
could have a direct negative impact on insulin sensitivity in healthy humans (4,5,6).
- It
seems that only IR subjects may benefit from BCAA supplementation (7,8).
- Adipose
tissue capacity of de novo lipogenesis may be impaired in vegans and consequently
adipose tissue less capable to buffer excess of BCAA that are directed to skeletal
muscle interfering with glucose metabolism (4).
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References:
1.
Green CR, Wallace M, Divakaruni AS, Phillips SA, Murphy AN, Ciaraldi TP et al. Branched-chain amino acid
catabolism fuels adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12: 15–21.
2.
Herman MA, She P, Peroni OD, Lynch CJ, Kahn BB. Adipose tissue branched chain amino
acid (BCAA) metabolism modulates circulating BCAA levels. J Biol Chem 2010; 285: 11348–11356.
3. Wang
TJ, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Cheng S, Rhee EP, McCabe E et al. Metabolite profiles and the risk of
developing diabetes. Nat Med 2011; 17: 448–453.
4. J Gojda, L Rossmeislová, R Straková, J Tůmová, M Elkalaf, M Jaček, P Tůma, J Potočková, E Krauzová, P Waldauf, J Trnka, V Štich and M Anděl. Chronic
dietary exposure to branched chain amino acids impairs glucose disposal in
vegans but not in omnivores. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017
Feb 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28145418
5.
Tremblay F, Krebs M, Dombrowski L, Brehm A, Bernroider E, Roth E et al. Overactivation of S6
kinase 1 as a cause of human insulin resistance during increased amino acid
availability. Diabetes
2005;
54: 2674–2684.
6. Robinson
MM, Soop M, Sohn TS, Morse DM, Schimke JM, Klaus KA et al. High insulin combined with
essential amino acids stimulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein
synthesis while decreasing insulin sensitivity in healthy humans. J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 2014;
99: E2574–E2583.
7.
Ouellet V, Marois J, Weisnagel SJ, Jacques H. Dietary cod protein improves
insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant men and women: a randomized controlled
trial. Diabetes
Care 2007;
30: 2816–2821.
8.
Jakubowicz D, Froy O, Ahrén B, Boaz M, Landau Z, Bar-Dayan Y et al. Incretin, insulinotropic
and glucose-lowering effects of whey protein pre-load in type 2 diabetes: a
randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia
2014; 57:
1807–1811.
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